Taxanaha GUULEYSIGA MAKIINADDA VSD (kombaresarada ku shaqeeya inverter-ka) iyo taxanaha YC (kombaresarada soo noqnoqoshada ee joogtada ah ee magnetic variable compressor) waa badeecad cusub oo tamarta badbaadinaysa. Iyada oo la beddelayo xawaaraha matoorka wadista iyadoo la raacayo isbeddelka awoodda hawada ee loo baahan yahay, waxay si habboon u xakameysaa awoodda dhabta ah sidaas darteedna waxay si wax ku ool ah u badbaadineysaa tamarta. Iyada oo la qaadanayo nidaamka inverter-ka elektaroonigga ah iyo tignoolajiyada bixinta awoodda saxda ah ee hawada loo baahan yahay iyo xakamaynta cadaadiska saxda ah, kombaresarada hawada ee VSD ma aha oo kaliya inay si toos ah u yareyso isticmaalka tamarta 30% laakiin sidoo kale waxay keenaysaa faa'iidooyin kale oo badan, sida xasilinta cadaadiska shabakadda, baabi'inta qulqulka ugu sarreeya marka la bilaabayo, iwm. Kombaresarada VSD waxay u adeegtaa doorashada ugu fiican ee shirkadaha warshadaha iyo macdan qodista casriga ah si ay u badbaadiyaan tamarta.
1. Awoodda: 10-425HP, cadaadis: 0.7-1.3MPa.
2. Daboolka hawada ee kombaresarada sare, matoorka soo noqnoqoshada doorsoomaha leh, iyo qalabka beddeli kara ee ABB/SUCCESS ENGINE; Isbeddelka isticmaalka hawada si toos ah ayaa loo raadraacaa, xawaaraha matoorkana si waafaqsan ayaa loo hagaajiyaa; Isticmaalka tamarta waxaa la dhimaa 30%.
3. Matoorka soo noqnoqda ee isbeddelka leh: Fasalka ilaalinta ee IP55, fasalka dahaarka ee F, qodobka adeegga SF=1.2.
4. Bilaabidda soo noqnoqoshada isbeddelka leh waxay si weyn u yareysaa saameynta uu keeno qulqulka degdegga ah ee shabakadda, taasoo si wax ku ool ah u kordhineysa cimriga adeegga mashiinka.
5. Nidaamka xakamaynta caqliga leh ee PLC ee la ansixiyay wuxuu taageeraa xulashada qaabka xakamaynta, muujinta xaaladda hawlgalka, dejinta xuduudaha iyo weydiinta taariikhda qaladka.
6. Waxaa jira is-dhexgal MODBUS485 ah oo loogu talagalay la socodka fog.
7. Nooca qaboojinta: Qaboojinta hawada ama qaboojinta biyaha.
8. Badeecada danab shaqo oo kala duwan iyo soo noqnoqosho ayaa loo habeyn karaa, 120V, 220V, 240V, 400V, 415V, 440V, 460V, 575V, 50Hz iyo 60Hz.
1. Cadaadis Xasilloon
Kombaresarada hawada ee xawaaraha isbeddela waxay qaadataa PID si loo hagaajiyo xawaaraha saxda ah. Isbeddellada ku yimaada tirada hawada ee nidaamka si toos ah ayaa loola socon doonaa. Kombaresarada waxay hawada ku siin doontaa cadaadis joogto ah, kaas oo ah cadaadiska la rabo ee hore loo dejiyay oo lagu daray ama laga jaray 0.1bar, si loo yareeyo isticmaalka korontada.
2. Xakamaynta Socodka Kala Duwan
Beddelaha soo noqnoqda ee ABB ee la isticmaalo wuxuu awoodaa inuu hagaajiyo xawaaraha wareegga matoorka waqtiga dhabta ah iyadoo loo eegayo cadaadiska hawada ee dhabta ah. Haddii ay dhacdo isticmaalka hawada oo sarreeya, cadaadisku isma beddelin, laakiin xawaaruhu si toos ah ayuu u magdhowaa si uu u daboolo baahiyaha sahayda. Marka isticmaalka hawadu hooseeyo, cadaadiska waa la ilaaliyaa si joogto ah xawaaruhuna si toos ah ayaa loo dhimaa si loo bixiyo hawo la cadaadiyey taasoo ku filan.
3. Saameyn hadda jirta ma jirto inta lagu jiro Bilaabidda
Kombaresarada hawada waxaa lagu bilaabaa iyada oo loo marayo qalabka wax lagu beddelo. Kombaresarada ugu badan ee bilaabata waa 1.2 jeer heerka la qiimeeyay ee bilowga soo noqnoqoshada korontada. Sidaa darteed, kombaresarada hawada ee xawaaraha isbeddela saameyn yar ayay ku leedahay shabakadda inta lagu jiro bilowga. Waxay ku raaxaysanaysaa cadaadis yar iyo cimri adeeg oo dheer.
4. Waxtar Dhaqaale Sare
Inta uu socdo hawlgalka kombaresarada hawada, kharashyada tamarta ayaa ugu badan kharashyada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, isticmaalka VSD-ga, isticmaalka tamarta waxaa la dhimaa 30%. Sidaa darteed, kharashka tamarta ee uu keydiyo kombaresarada hawada ee xawaaraha isbeddelaya muddo saddex sano ah wuxuu u dhigmaa qiimaha iibka ee cutubka.
Qiimaynta iyo Qiimaynta tamarta la keydiyay
In kasta oo korontada ay isticmaalaan kombaresarada hawada ee warshadaha ay qayb weyn ka tahay kharashka guud ee korontada ee xarunta wax soo saarka, kombaresarada hawada ee VSD waxay siin karaan keydin tamar qiimo leh soosaarayaasha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qiimeyn sax ah oo ku saabsan awoodda hawada ee kala duwan ee loo baahan yahay ka hor inta aan la gaarin barnaamijka maalgashiga ayaa lagama maarmaan u ah helitaanka faa'iido wanaagsan oo loogu talagalay maalgashiga.
Sahayda Cadaadiska ee Joogtada ah
Marka la qaato PID (faa'iidada saamiga ah, faa'iidada caalamiga ah iyo faa'iidada kala duwan), kombaresarada hawada ee VSD waxay si sax ah u beddeli karaan xawaaraha matoorka wadista. Taxanaha VSD wuxuu sidoo kale si toos ah ula socon karaa isbeddelka mugga hawada, wuxuu dejin karaa cadaadiska nidaamka, wuxuuna yareyn karaa isticmaalka korontada.
Ka fogaanshaha Korontada ugu Sareysa
Marka laga hadlayo kombaresarada hawada ee VSD, qulqulka ugu sarreeya waa la iska ilaaliyaa marka la shido mashiinka, sidaa darteed dhaawaca shabakadda korontada iyo farsamada oo dhan aad ayuu u yaraadaa, cimriga adeegga kombaresaradana wuu sii dheeraadaa.
| MOODEL | AWOOD kW | CADAADISKA baar | SOCOdka HAWADA m3/daqiiqad | HEERKA BOOSAASEYC/ dB(A) | XIRIIRKA BEDDELKA | MIISAANKA KG | CABBIRKA L × D × D mm |
| SEYC/VSD7A-8 SEYC/VSD7A-10 SEYC/VSD7A-13 | 7.5 | 8 10 13 | 0.3-1.15 0.3-1.0 0.3-0.8 | 63 | Rp 3/4 | 220 | 1080×620×810 |
| SEYC/VSD11A-8 SEYC/VSD11A-10 SEYC/VSD11A-13 | 11 | 8 10 13 | 0.5-1.8 0.4-1.5 0.3-1.2 | 65 | Rp 3/4 | 260 | 1080×620×810 |
| SEYC/VSD15A-8 SEYC/VSD15A-10 SEYC/VSD15A-13 | 15 | 8 10 13 | 0.5-2.3 0.4-2.0 0.3-1.6 | 68 | Rp 3/4 | 430 | 775×1350×1050 |
| SEYC/VSD18A-8 SEYC/VSD18A-10 SEYC/VSD18A-13 | 18.5 | 8 10 13 | 0.6-3.0 0.5-2.6 0.4-2.2 | 68 | Rp 3/4 | 490 | 775×1350×1050 |
| SEYC/VSD22A-8/D SEYC/VSD22A-10/D SEYC/VSD22A-13/D | 22 | 8 10 13 | 0.7-3.6 0.5-3.2 0.4-2.8 | 67 | Rp 1 1/4 | 670 | 1450×860×1340 |
| SEYC/VSD30A-8/D SEYC/VSD30A-10/D SEYC/VSD30A-13/D | 30 | 8 10 13 | 1.3-5.0 1.0-4.5 0.7-3.7 | 70 | Rp 1 1/4 | 730 | 1450×860×1340 |
| SEYC/VSD37A-8/D SEYC/VSD37A-10/D SEYC/VSD37A-13/D | 37 | 8 10 13 | 1.6-6.6 1.3-5.8 1.0-4.8 | 70 | Rp 1 1/2 | 920 | 1580×950×1470 |
| SEYC/VSD45A-8/D SEYC/VSD45A-10/D SEYC/VSD45A-13/D | 45 | 8 10 13 | 1.7-7.6 1.5-7.0 1.2-5.8 | 71 | Rp 1 1/2 | 1020 | 1580×950×1470 |
| SEYC/VSD55A-8/D SEYC/VSD55A-10/D SEYC/VSD55A-13/D | 55 | 8 10 13 | 2.4-10.0 2.0-9.0 1.5-7.8 | 73 | Rp 2 | 1570 | 2000 × 1100 × 1585 |
| SEYC/VSD75A-8/D SEYC/VSD75A-10/D SEYC/VSD75A-13/D | 75 | 8 10 13 | 3.0-13.0 2.6-11.8 2.2-9.8 | 75 | Rp 2 | 1960-kii | 2000 × 1200 × 1585 |
| SEYC/VSD90A-8/D SEYC/VSD90A-10/D SEYC/VSD90A-13/D | 90 | 8 10 13 | 3.9-15.0 3.5-13.0 2.8-11.0 | 76 | Rp 2 | 2100 | 2000 × 1300 × 1635 |
| SEYC/VSD110A-8 SEYC/VSD110A-10 SEYC/VSD110A-13 | 110 | 8 10 13 | 4.2-20.0 3.8-17.0 3.3-13.6 | 75 | DN 65 | 2520 | 2166 × 1700 × 1918 |
| SEYC/VSD132A-8 SEYC/VSD132A-10 SEYC/VSD132A-13 | 132 | 8 10 13 | 6.0-23.5 5.8-20.2 4.0-16.0 | 75 | DN 65 | 2720 | 2166 × 1700 × 1918 |
| SEYC/VSD160A-8 SEYC/VSD160A-10 SEYC/VSD160A-13 | 160 | 8 10 13 | 6.0-26.0 5.8-24.0 4.1-19.8 | 76 | DN 65 | 3000 | 2466x1900x1918 |
| SEYC/VSD180A-8 SEYC/VSD180A-10 SEYC/VSD180A-13 | 180 | 8 10 13 | 7.2-29.2 6.4-26.8 5.2-23.0 | 76 | DN 65 | 3000 | 2466x1900x1918 |
| SEVSD220A-8 SEVSD220A-10 SEVSD220A-13 | 220 | 8 10 13 | 10.5-36.5 8.6-33.5 7.5-28.0 | 78 | DN 80 | 4900 | 3460x2050x2100 |
| SEVSD250W-8 SEVSD280W-10 SEVSD315W-13 | 250 280 315 | 8 10 13 | 12.2-42.0 12.0-40.0 12.0-38.0 | 78 | DN 100 | 6600 | 3260x2050x2100 |
| SEVSD250A-8 SEVSD280A-10 SEVSD315A-13 | 250 280 315 | 8 10 13 | 12.2-42.0 12.0-40.0 12.0-38.0 | 78 | DN 100 | 6600 | 3260x2050x2100 3260x2050x2100 3940x2326x2180 |
| SEVSD280W-8 SEVSD315W-8 | 280 315 | 8 8 | 15.0-47.6 13.8-50.0 | 80 | DN 125 | 9200 | 4580x2326x2180 |
1. Maareynta tayada iyo faa'iidooyinka hubinta tayada
Nidaamyada hubinta tayada ee GUULEYSIGA MAKIINADDA waxay buuxiyaan shuruudaha militariga iyo nukliyeerka waxaana loo doortay inay noqdaan alaab-qeybiyeyaasha alaabada militariga iyo nukliyeerka. In ka badan siddeed iyo toban sano, shirkaddu waxay samaysay barnaamijyo hubinta tayada, qorshayaasha tayada, hubinta tayada, iyo shahaadooyinka shaqaalaha iyadoo la raacayo Sharciga Difaaca Qaranka ee Warshadaha [2005] No. 311, "Xeerarka Hubinta Tayada Warshadda Korontada Nukliyeerka iyo Badbaadada" (HAF003) iyo tilmaamaha iyo hababka kale ee hubinta tayada, waxay naqshadeeyeen oo soo saareen alaabada badbaadada heerka sare ah.

Waxay ku taal Degmada Songjiang, Shanghai, oo leh R&D casri ah iyo saldhig wax soo saar, jawi qurux badan, aqoon-is-weydaarsi wax soo saar nadiif ah oo ballaaran, diiradda saaraya goobta tiknoolajiyadda sare ee isha gaaska, waxay higsaneysaa inay noqoto hoggaamiyaha warshadaha kombaresarada & taageerayaasha, bixiyaha wax soo saarka iyo xalka warshadaha hawada iyo gaaska.

3.1, Kombaresarada Waxtarka lehnd
Iyada oo la hagaajinayo xariiqda hoose ee rotor-ka, si loo hagaajiyo mugga wax ku oolka ah iyo hufnaanta shaabadda ee kombaresarada, sameynta dhererka khadka xiriirka, aagga saddex-xagalka daadashada iyo mugga nadiifinta xiran ee u dhexeeya saddexda si loo gaaro hagaajin, si fiican u xallinta daadashada isku darka saliidda iyo gaaska inta lagu jiro shabagga. Naqshadeyn leh dhexroor weyn iyo xawaare hoose, oo lagu qalabeeyay boolal SKF oo culus iyo saddex shaabad oo saliid gaar ah si loo hubiyo hufnaanta wax soo saarka gaaska ugu sarreysa iyo waqtiga cimriga.
| Hagaajintarotor-kaqaabka ilkahaQaabka ilkuhu waa qodob muhiim ah oo saameeya hufnaanta wax soo saarka gaaska. Xalka dhibaatadan wuxuu ku jiraa tiknoolajiyada qaabka. Sannado badan oo waayo-aragnimo iyo xaqiijin ah, waxaan leenahay qorshe aan ku hagaajinayno oo aan ku hagaajinayno qaabka xididka ilkuhu u shaqeeyo. | ![]() |
| Dib-u-habayntaShaki kuma jiro inshaabad iyo meshDib-u-habeyn ku samee shabagga iyo shaabadda xariiqda hoose ee rotor-ka, yaree dhibaatada daadinta, oo kordhi waxtarka mugga. | ![]() |
| Dib-u-habaynta dhererkasaamiga dhexroorkaHagaaji saamiga dhererka: dhexroorka ee rotor-yada laba-laaban ee boolal. Kor u qaad adkaanta isku-dhafka ah ee rotors-ka adigoo gaabinaya masaafada u dhaxaysa laba boolal, si loo gaaro hufnaan mug sare leh marka la eego cadaadiska sare, si weyn u yareeya gariirka, yaraynta buuqa, iyo kordhinta cimriga faa'iidada leh ee mashiinka. | ![]() |
| Hagaajinta masaafada dhidibka rotor-ka Kordhi aagga isgoyska wax ku oolka ah ee rotor-ka kombaresarada iyo masaafada u dhaxaysa labada ulood si aad u kordhiso isticmaalka aagga rotor-ka, u kaydso meel ku filan rakibidda biraha dhexroorka weyn, iyo si aasaasi ah u xalli dhibaatada xirashada biraha sanadaha ka dib. | ![]() |
3.2, Nidaamka qaboojinta ee centrifugal-ka oo tamar badan lagu badbaadinayo (Lambarka Shatiga: CN201320374179.8)
Muddo dheer, habka qaboojinta ee kombaresarada awoodda sare leh ee hawada lagu qaboojiyo ayaa inta badan isticmaala tiro marawaxad caadi ah oo ku rakiban gudaha cutubka si ay dabaysha dibadda uga baxdo. Marwaxaddu waxay nuugtaa hawada kulul ee gudaha cutubka ka dibna waxay qaboojisaa isku-beddelka kulaylka, way adag tahay in la gaaro saameynta qaboojinta ugu fiican, sidaas darteed, cutubyada awoodda sare leh ee hawada lagu qaboojiyo waxay had iyo jeer ahaayeen cudur daba-dheeraaday oo ka jira warshadaha kombaresarada hawada.
Patentka SUCCESS ENGINE (nidaam qaboojin oo tamar badan badbaadiya) wuxuu qaataa qaab-dhismeedka qaboojinta centrifugal-ka ee isbeddelka badan leh ee ugu dambeeyay, wuxuuna adeegsadaa barnaamijka jilitaanka ternary ee aero-dynamics impeller NUMECA si uu u sii wado xisaabinta aerodynamic iyo jilitaanka garoonka socodka saddex-geesoodka ah ee buuxa, wuxuu ku dayanayaa hawlgalka dhabta ah si loo wanaajiyo qaab-dhismeedka qolofka dirxiga iyo nooca rotor-ka, si loo badbaadiyo awoodda, loo kordhiyo cadaadiska firfircoonida loona gaaro hufnaanta taageeraha ugu fiican.

Qaab-dhismeedka qaboojinta nuugista dhinaca ee madaxa-bannaan ee xiran
Is-beddelka kulaylka ee saxanka aluminium-ka ah ayaa lagu rakibay dhammaadka nuugista marawaxad dibadda ee cutubka si loo sameeyo qaab-dhismeed nidaam qaboojin oo xiran oo madax-bannaan. Tiknoolajiyadda xakamaynta xawaaraha isbeddelka leh waxaa loo isticmaalaa in si toos ah loogu hagaajiyo xawaaraha marawaxad iyadoo loo eegayo isbeddelka heerkulka nidaamka, loo beddelo mugga hawada, iyo in si weyn loo badbaadiyo isticmaalka tamarta qaboojinta. Waxay yareyn kartaa buuqa waxayna si buuxda uga gudbi kartaa dhibaatada saameynta qaboojinta liidata ee qalabka kombaresarada hawada ee awoodda sare leh.
![]() | Dhamaadka hawada Airend Kombaresarada Awooda Badan Labada lammaane ee rotor-ku way ka madax bannaan yihiin labada cutub ee cadaadiska, rotor-ka cadaadiska koowaad iyo rotor-ka cadaadiska labaad waxaa lagu daraa guryo isku mid ah oo kombaresarada ah, saamiga cadaadiska martida oo yar, daadasho yar, keydinta tamarta: ≧15%. |
![]() | Nidaamka xakamaynta shaashadda taabashada ee caqliga leh ee PLC ◆Orog Halbeegga ◆Dejinta halbeegga isticmaalaha ◆Macluumaadka dayactirka ◆Hawsha Digniinta (Matoorka, Qaybaha Dayactirka)◆Ilaalinta Xakamaynta. |
![]() | Qiimaha qaadashada hagaajinta otomaatiga ah Qaadashada waalka qaadashada saamiga ah ee 0-100% kaas oo dejiya cadaadiska shaqada isla markaana keydiya tamarta. |
![]() | Gaar ahVSD/Matoorka kombaresarada PM ◆ IP55, Fasalka F ◆ SKF oo si xad dhaaf ah u raraya ◆ Qodobka Adeegga: SF=1.2 ◆ Ku xidh qalabka wax soo saarka ee hufan ◆ Danabka iyo Soo noqnoqoshada waa la habeyn karaa |
![]() | Beddelaha Waxtarka Sare (MAKIINADDA ABB/GUUL) ◆ Si toos ah u hagaaji xawaaraha matoorka iyadoo loo eegayo baahida dhabta ah, beddel awoodda dhabta ah, keydinta tamarta in ka badan 30% ◆ Cadaadis deggan oo dhuumaha ah ◆ Ka saar qulqulka ugu sarreeya |
![]() | Nidaamka Xakamaynta ◆Qaybaha korantada ee sumadda ABB, oo ay ku jiraan jabiyeyaasha, kontaroolada AC, lagu kalsoonaan karo, si fudud loo beddeli karo ◆ MICROCHIP oo leh is-dhexgalka Heerka 485, waxay gaari kartaa la socodka fog iyadoo loo marayo hab-maamuuska isgaarsiinta MODBUS ◆Ururi calaamadaha korantada kombaresarada, qiiqa, heerkulka, cadaadiska si loola socdo xaaladda hawlgalka, iyo caawinta xallinta dhibaatooyinka degdegga ah. |
![]() | Nidaamka Shaandhaynta Hufnaanta Sare ◆Shaandheeye hawo oo tayo sare leh, shaandheeye hawada boodhka iyo wasakhda, shaandheeyuhu wuxuu yimaadaa 98.5% ◆ Shaandheeyaha saliidda ee summadaysan, shaandheeya hawada saliidda, dammaanad qaada cimriga isticmaalka dheer ee hawada ◆ Shayga Kala-soocidda Saliidda-Hawada, kala-soocid hufan oo heer sare ah, taabashada saliidda oo ka yar 3ppm ◆ Ogeysiis joogto ah oo dayactir iyo digniin ah oo ay bixiso PLC |
![]() | Isku xidhka waxtarka sare leh (Drive Toos ah) ◆ Gudbinta isku-dhafan ee hawada iyo matoorka, hufnaanta waxay gaartaa 99% ◆ Isku dheelitirka xoogga, kombaresarada ha sii socoto si deggan ◆ Ha isticmaalin tamarta inta lagu jiro gudbinta |
R&D iyo wax soo saar xirfad leh oo leh noocyo badan oo kala duwan oo ah qaybaha wax soo saarka: kombaresarada hawada ee boolal go'an, kombaresarada centrifugal-ka, afuufayaasha ganaaxa, bambooyinka faakuumka centrifugal-ka, kombaresarada hawada ee boolal-ka aan saliidda lahayn, kombaresarada hawada ee boolal-ka la qaadi karo, iyo qalab dhammaystiran oo hawo-samaynta ah oo la cadaadiyay. Tilmaamaha badeecada: socodka 0.8m3/daqiiqo-500m3/daqiiqo, cadaadiska shaqada: 0.1Mpa-4.0Mpa. Noocyo iyo qeexitaanno dhammaystiran oo lagu daboolayo xaaladaha kala duwan ee habaynta gaaska.


Nidaamka xakamaynta gaarka ah ee caqliga leh, caqli badan, deggan, iyo mid saaxiibtinimo leh, wuxuu xaqiijin karaa isgaarsiinta fog iyo maaraynta hawada la cadaadiyay.
①Iligga bandhigga is-dhexgalka - shaqooyinka dhameystiran sida xakamaynta otomaatiga ah, ilaalinta otomaatiga ah, digniinta otomaatiga ah, xakamaynta fog, xakamaynta cutubyo badan, diiwaannada taariikhiga ah, iwm., si loo xaqiijiyo hawlgal joogto ah oo aan la ilaalin.
② Xakamaynta hagaajinta mugga hawada waxaa loo dejin karaa iyadoo loo eegayo xaaladaha qaabeynta qalabka, si mugga hawada si toos ah loogu hagaajiyo iyo otomaatiga badbaadinta tamarta.
③ Cadaadiska qiiqa iyo heerkulka qiiqa si joogto ah ayaa loola socon karaa, loo soo bandhigi karaa loona xakamayn karaa iyadoo loo eegayo qiimayaasha hore loo dejiyay.
④ Waxay soo bandhigi kartaa oo farsamayn kartaa cillado kala duwan oo goobta ah, waxayna kaydin kartaa oo weydiin kartaa noocyada iyo waqtiga ay dhacayaan cilladaha taariikhiga ah.
⑤ Waqtiga socodsiinta, rarista, iyo dejinta waa la ururin karaa oo la kaydin karaa muddo dheer.
⑥ Waxay xaqiijin kartaa isgaarsiinta kormeerka fog ee kombiyuutarka ama xakamaynta wareejinta isku xirka badan ee u dhexeeya kombaresarada hawada.

Soo bandhigida kontaroolaha caqliga leh
Xakameeyayaasha waxaa lagu qalabeeyay is-dhexgal 485 ah, kaas oo loo isticmaalo in lagu xaqiijiyo laba qaab oo kontorool isgaarsiineed: fog iyo isku xidhnaan isku xiran. Isticmaaluhu wuxuu dejin karaa kontoroolka wadajirka ah ee cutubyo badan sida A, B, C, iwm. iyadoo loo eegayo shuruudaha, wuxuuna gacanta ku dejin karaa taxanaha hawlgalka bilowga iyo qiimaha waqtiga beddelka cutubka.
Xakamaynta isku xirka
(1) Waxay la socotaa dekedda 485, looma baahna in la dejiyo kontaroole isku dhafan.
(2) Afar hab oo kontorool ah ayaa la dejin karaa: otomaatig, gacan, kontorool isku xidh iyo kontorool fog.
(3) Xidhiidhka fiilada fudud wuxuu dejin karaa laba ama in ka badan oo kombaresarada hawada ah si loogu shaqeeyo xakamaynta wadajirka ah.
(4) Sida ku cad cadaadiska shabakadda tuubooyinka hawada, si toos ah ayaa loo qiimeeyaa inay joojiso ama bilowdo mashiinka heeganka si loo helo sahay hawo oo dheeraad ah.
(5) Beddelidda waqtiga, taasoo u oggolaanaysa mashiinnada ugu muhiimsan iyo kuwa caawiya inay si is beddel ah u shaqeeyaan.
(6) Dami iyadoo la eegayo qaladka oo si toos ah u wareeji mashiinka heeganka si uu u shaqeeyo.
(7) Mashiinno badan ayaa la isku xidhi karaa oo si kala duwan loo shaqayn karaa.